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May / mai 2019
A visit to gardens in Vallauris and Cagnes-sur-Mer

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On May 21st we visited two very interesting gardens – each one had been given a very personal touch by the owners.

Madame Zanini’s garden in Vallauris

In the morning we met at the entrance of a very special garden, owned by Madame Zanini. She and her husband moved to the property when they retired in 1998, when it was a citrus farm. The couple decided to cut down all the 78 lemon trees that had previously been exploited commercially and turn the restanques into a garden. Before retiring, the Zaninis had grown vegetables but never had a personal garden, because of lack of time.

Evidently, their plant knowledge, although downplayed by Madame, must have served them to develop the extraordinary garden we visited. From the moment we entered the property, everywhere we looked, there were unusual species of plants. Every square metre was occupied with wonderfully lush-looking specimens of all kinds and types: hydrangea climbing up the wall of the house at the entrance, Thunbergia grandiflora on the north wall, Cestrum nocturnum, blue solanum, ficus, euphorbias, Juanulloa mexicana, a Mahonia x media ‘Charity’… As we entered the courtyard a huge display of potplants, including a collection of geraniums from the Canaries, Madeira and Africa, were blooming prolifically. As we walked further into the garden, we discovered several terraces with a large variety of pot plants, all thriving.

Every square metre was occupied with plants

Madame told us that until a couple of years ago, she had 150 different types of geranium, but over time she had given many away to friends and family.

As we walked along small paths and took steps up and down the garden, the plants kept coming – brachychitons of impressive size, including B. acerifolius, Erythrina lysistemon, different types of callistemon, Senna didymobotrya (syn. Cassia didymobotrya) smelling of peanut, a huge Persea americana going around the wall and up and down the garden, with mini, gherkin-sized avocados, and another avocado tree, P. americana var. ‘Hass’. Then it continued with Stenocarpus sinuatus, Hardenbergia violacea (syn. H. monophyla), wonderful strelitzias in flower, a Petrea volubilis and many, many more plants. In addition, we noticed one or two greenhouses, packed with cacti and succulents.

Underneath the huge trees and plants were many different, smaller plants and ground cover. At the time of our visit the Freesia laxa (red and white) were in flower. Several of the visitors were generously offered some small plants to take home. The climate of the property, close to the coast, means that there is little to no frost and relatively high humidity in summer. The soil in the garden is rich, black and deep, and holds moisture well, a legacy from the lemon tree days.

This microclimate contributes to the rapid growth of the various plants and trees in the garden. However, without the couple’s dedication and love for plants, this garden would not be what it is today. Madame didn’t want to let us go until we tasted her limoncello, home-made from different citrus fruits. Excellent indeed! Certainly, a visit to be remembered!

Strelitzias in flower
A greenhouse packed with succulents
Red-flowered Freesia laxa
Tillandsia sp

The Marro garden in Cagnes-sur-Mer

Most of us continued to the next garden, the Marro garden in Cagnes-sur-Mer, owned by Jean-Paul Spinetta. This was a totally different experience. After enjoying our picnic lunch under the trees, we were taken on a tour by the passionate owner of the property. We were presented with a small movie, showing how the family had lived on the same property since 1928. At that time the property lay in productive farming countryside, but now it is surrounded by buildings, with the railway line and motorway close by.

Produce used to be grown here, and in order to ensure there was access to irrigation, the fields were edged and crossed by man-made water channels, taking water from local streams and natural springs. At weekly intervals, water distribution took place to each of the fields. A very clever system indeed. Unfortunately, much of the water channel system in the area is now out of use, but on this property, as demonstrated to us by the owners, the channels and two springs are still working perfectly. We were also shown examples of tools, used by the family in the past to work the fields.

Next we visited different parts of the garden and at each stop were given useful tips. We were shown examples of two trees next to each other– one growing strongly, a different species not doing well, “simply because they don’t like each other, I shouldn’t have planted them together”, the owner explained. Indeed, we saw, in another spot in the garden, the same species of tree doing very well. We noticed that the owners had hung broken eggshells in small nets in the trees, to minimize aphid infestation. After the visit I tried this trick myself at home, and yes, it does reduce the number of aphids. They explained to us that santolinas help to reduce infestations by ants. This year on our property they are everywhere – I wish I had planted more santolinas!

And the tips kept coming: how marigolds (Calendula officinalis) help reduce parasites in fruit trees and in the vegetable garden, how citrus skin does the same for roses, how to increase magnesium levels in the soil by burying banana skins. We then visited the rose garden, saw olive trees and a plantation of different grape varieties. The owner still manually presses his own grapes and olives to make wine and olive oil.

Monsieur Spinetta in the vegetable garden

This garden of treasures merits preservation in the middle of galloping urbanization. It receives visits from locals and from school children who, we were told, are inspired by what they see. A great initiative.

Text and photographs: Jacqueline Potter

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May / mai 2019
A day in the Luberon / Une journée en Luberon

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The entrance to the Domaine de la Citadelle / L’entrée du Domaine de la Citadelle

The day began at the Domaine de la Citadelle in Ménerbes, under a clear sky with hardly any wind. In the 1990s, Yves Rousset-Rouard abandoned his life in Marseille and acquired this historic domaine in order to indulge his passion: winemaking. More recently he realised his second dream, that of creating a botanical garden. Overlooking the surrounding countryside, six terraces (restanques), which date back to the 18th century, have been planted with hundreds of wild plants, grouped according to their properties: aromatic, medicinal, magical and edible.

Aujourd’hui, le mistral ne souffle presque plus et c’est sous un ciel limpide que nous démarrons notre journée au domaine de la Citadelle à Ménerbes. Dans les années 90, Yves Rousset-Rouard quitte sa vie sur Marseille et acquière ce domaine historique pour vivre sa passion : la viticulture. Depuis peu, il a réalisé son deuxième rêve, celui de créer un jardin botanique. Sur six restanques datant 18ème siècle, des centaines de plantes sauvages, aromatiques, médicinales, magiques et comestibles font fasses au paysage environnant.

Our guides were Nadine Maffli, President of the association, ‘Le Silène et l’Ortie’ and Brigitte Bergeron, President of the association, ‘Un savoir oublié’. Both passionate about wild plants, they explained the strong links which have existed between mankind and plants for thousands of years, from the observations of early man to current scientific research. We also learned about the symbolism of plants, the beliefs that man has held in relation to them, as well as their therapeutic properties and their use in cooking. Our five senses contributed to our discovery of their wide diversity: the noise of the common white (bladder) campion (Silene vulgaris) when the seed heads are beaten against the back of one’s hand; the peppery flavour of ‘Hot and Spicy’ oregano; the aroma of curry from the flowers of Helichrysum italicum; the prickly leaves of the milk thistle and the intense violet-blue of the little bell-shaped comfrey flowers

Nous sommes guidées par deux passionnées, Nadine Maffli, présidente de l’association “Le Silène et L’Ortie”, et Brigitte Bergeron, présidente de l’association “un Savoir oublié”. Nous explorons avec elles le lien étroit qui existe entre l’homme et les plantes depuis des millénaires : des observations des premiers hommes à la recherche scientifique actuelle. De la symbolique et des croyances que les hommes ont entretenus avec les plantes, à leurs vertus thérapeutiques ou leurs usages culinaires. Nos cinq sens sont mis à contribution pour découvrir leur grande diversité : le bruit de la pétarel (Silene vulgaris) qu’on claque sur le dos de la main, le goût pimenté de la feuille d’origan ‘Hot and Spicy’, l’odeur de curry des fleurs d’Helichrysum italicum, le piquant des feuilles du chardon-marie ou encore le violet intense des petites clochettes de la consoude en fleurs.

Walking up through the woods to reach the botanical garden
Nous montons à travers la forêt pour accéder au jardin botanique
A stunning view over the surrounding countryside
Le jardin botanique offre une vue imprenable sur la campagne environnante
Nadine shows us aromatic herbs and describes their use in cooking and medicine
Nadine nous présente les herbes aromatiques, leurs utilisations en cuisine
et en médecine
Brigitte explains the significance of magical plants, and poisonous species
Brigitte nous présente les plantes magiques, leurs significations
et les espèces toxiques

The flowers of Helichrysum italicum (or curry plant) which impart their characteristic flavour to cooking, are also used in aromatherapy, for treating bruises and inflammatory pain.

Les fleurs de l’herbe à curry, Helichrysum italicum, sont utilisés en cuisine pour leur goût de curry si caractéristique et en aromathérapie pour traiter les hématomes et les douleurs inflammatoires.

There is wide diversity of oreganos: Origanum syriacum, as one might expect, from Syria, is often mixed with sesame seeds and sumac to make zaatar, frequently used in Middle Eastern cuisine. Origanum vulgare ‘Compactum’ is a powerful antibiotic; the essential oil derived from it should be used only with the advice of a professional. The peppery oregano (Origanum vulgare ‘Hot and Spicy’), really is!

Il y a une grande diversité des origans : l’origan de Syrie, Origanum syriacum, est utilisé comme condiment en mélange avec du sésame et du sumac pour former le zaatar, l’origan compact, Origanum vulgare ‘Compactum’, est un puissant antibiotique dont l’huile essentielle est à utiliser avec les conseils d’un professionnel, l’origan épicé, Origanum vulgare ‘Hot and Spicy’, dont le goût est vraiment pimenté.

Helichrysum italicum
A variety of oregano plants

Marjoram (Origanum majorana) belongs to the same family as oregano and yet its properties are very different. It has a calming and soporific effect, whereas oregano is more of a stimulant.

La marjolaine, Origanum majorana, est de la même famille que l’origan et pourtant ses vertus sont très différentes. La marjolaine a un effet calmant et facilite le sommeil tandis que l’origan est plutôt stimulant.

Box, Buxus sempervirens, is commonly associated with death and has funereal connotations.

Le buis, Buxus sempervirens, est associé à la mort et à une symbolique funéraire.

Origanum majorana
Buxus sempervirens

Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) is associated with sorcery and evil. The entire plant is extremely toxic because it produces atropine, a tropane alkaloid which is found in several plants of the Solanaceae family, such as daturas and mandrake. Depending on the dosage it can lead to hallucinations, trances and even death.

La belladone, Atropa belladonna est associée à la sorcellerie et au malin. Toute la plante est très toxique car elle produit de l’atropine, un alcaloïde tropanique que l’on retrouve chez plusieurs plantes de la famille des Solanaceae comme le datura et la mandragore. A certaines doses elle provoque des hallucinations et des transes et à haute dose la mort.

Common comfrey (Symphytum officinale) containing allantoides which stimulate bone and skin healing, is used to treat sprains and fractures. However, one has to be careful, as it also contains alkaloids, which in high doses can be toxic for the liver.

La consoude officinale, Symphytum officinale, contient des allantoïdes qui stimulent la réparation des os et de l’épiderme, elle est utilisée pour traiter les entorses et les fractures. Attention, elle contient aussi des alcaloïdes qui à fortes doses sont toxiques pour le foie.

Atropa belladonna
Symphytum officinale

Pellitory (Parietaria officinalis L.), a member of the nettle family, has been known to our ancestors for a long time. It has purifying properties and is used to compensate for mineral deficiencies and to treat gallstones and cystitis.

La pariétaire, Parietaria officinalis L., serait connu de nos ancêtres depuis très longtemps d’où son nom. Elle a des propriétés dépuratives, elle est utilisée pour combler les carences en minéraux, traiter les calculs urinaires et les cystites.

White sedum (Sedum album L.) is edible.

Le sedum blanc, Sedum album L. est comestible.

Parietaria officinalis L.
Sedum album L.

Hart’s pennyroyal (Mentha cervina) is one of the numerous species and varieties of mint.

La menthe des cerf, Mentha cervina, est l’une des nombreuses espèces et variétés de menthe.

The entire milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum L.) is edible, from the root to the flower buds. However, a certain patience is required to remove all the spines from the leaves before cooking them.

Dans le chardon-Marie, Silybum marianum L., tout est comestible, de la racine aux boutons floraux. Il faut cependant avoir la patience d’enlever toutes les épines des feuilles avant de les cuisiner.

Mentha cervina
Silybum marianum L.

We enjoyed our lunch in the small courtyard of the domaine: wine-tasting and a picnic specially created for us, based on wild plants and herbs, freshly prepared by Romain Dumas, chef at the restaurant l’Art des Mets.

Nous apprécions notre pause déjeuner attablés dans la petite cour du domaine. Au programme : dégustation des vins produits au domaine puis pique-nique sur la thématique des herbes fraîches et sauvages préparé par Romain Dumas, chef cuisinier du restaurant l’Art des Mets.

Our lunch stop / Pause déjeuner

In the afternoon we went on to Bonnieux, a charming and typically provençal village, perched on the side of a cliff. There we were greeted by Sylvie and Pascal Verger, the fortunate owners of the La Louve which they bought five years ago.

L’après-midi, nous nous rendons à Bonnieux, un charmant village typiquement provençal perché à flanc de falaise. Nous sommes accueillis par Sylvie et Pascal Verger, les heureux propriétaires du jardin de La Louve depuis cinq ans.

The garden was created in the 1990s by Nicole de Vésian, a former fashion designer for Hermès who was fanatical about gardening in general and especially about what has come to be known as the provençal style of gardening. She worked hard for 10 years to create a complex, refined and very personal work of art: a collection of terraces, living spaces and quiet corners for contemplation where stone, wood and clipped Mediterranean evergreen and silvery plants harmonise with, and blend subtly into, the surrounding countryside. In her early 80s she sold the property to Judith Pillsbury who in turn worked hard to keep the living work of art, which was already a famous garden, alive. In 2014 Sylvie and Pascal Verger took over. They are committed to preserving Nicole’s garden, extending and renewing it as necessary whilst maintaining the spirit of its creator and taking into account the climatic and water constraints of Provence.

Le jardin a été créé dans les années 90 par Nicole de Vésian, styliste chez Hermès et passionnée de jardinage, dans l’esprit des jardins de Provence. Elle s’attèle pendant dix ans à créer une œuvre complexe, raffinée et personnelle : un ensemble de terrasses, d’espaces à vivre et d’espaces contemplatifs où la pierre, le bois brut et les plantes méditerranéennes s’accordent subtilement au paysage local. A l’aube de ses 80 ans, elle vend la propriété à Judith Pillsbury qui s’investis pleinement à faire vivre ce jardin déjà célèbre. En 2014, Sylvie et Pascal Verger reprennent le flambeau et le défi est de taille : faire vivre et renouveler le jardin tout en gardant l’esprit de sa créatrice et en répondant aux contraintes climatiques et hydriques qu’impose la vie en Provence.

The garden consists of a mass of small, carefully managed spaces, on different levels, most of which look out onto the surrounding countryside.

Le jardin est composé d’un enchevêtrement de petits espaces très travaillés dont la plupart donnent sur le paysage naturel environnant.

The lavender field, situated on the lowest level, has recently been replanted. Here again, the space was designed to allow one’s gaze to wander far over the wooded countryside.

Le champ de lavande se trouve sur la terrasse la plus basse, il a récemment été renouvelé. Ici encore, cet espace a été conçu pour laisser le regard se perdre au loin dans la campagne arborée.

There are numerous shady spots, more or less hidden in the vegetation, lending themselves to rest and contemplation. Wrought iron chairs there, a weathered wooden bench here, a stone seat…

Il y a de nombreux endroits ombragés, plus ou moins cachés par la végétation propice au repos et à la contemplation. Là des chaises en fer forgé, ici un banc de bois brut patiné par le temps, là une assise en pierre de taille.

Texte et photos: Nina Guichard
Translation into English: Frances Horne

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April / avril 2019
A visit to two private gardens in the Var

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On a very wet April morning 19 stoical members set out to visit two delightful gardens in the Var. On arrival at Mavis’s charming and informal garden in Carcès she kindly sat us down in her garden room, out of the rain, to tell us about the development of the garden. She and her late husband moved to the house and garden 22 years ago, and she has been working on the garden since then.

A wet start to the visit
Part of the cistus collection

Describing it as a ‘Potterer’s Garden’, Mavis is a keen plantswoman who loves to take cuttings and propagate them. She then looks for an appropriate space in the garden, and ‘pops them in’. Her early work included a major cut back of pine tree and ‘chênes verts’ to provide room to develop the informal planting. Mavis has a wonderful collection of cistus and euphorbias and extremely pretty ground cover perennials, including alpine phlox for early flowering.

Cistus, euphorbias and flowering shrubs

Nearest the kitchen is her well-stocked herb garden, and we learned a useful tip: do not plant different varieties of mint in the same area or unwanted hybrids will result!

The herb garden

Mavis is a real enthusiast, and this is very evident in the exuberant collection of trees, shrubs and perennials.

We enjoyed an excellent lunch in Montfort, and were able to dry off and warm up, before visiting Saskia’s lovely garden in Correns. An added bonus was that the rain had stopped! Saskia and her husband bought a plot of land on a hillside 14 years ago, built their house, and Saskia has enjoyed planning and planting the garden ever since. The garden has a fantastic view over the valley to the massif of Le Grand Bessillon, but is exceptionally rocky. The first job was to clear a large number of pine trees and some of the oaks, to allow more light into the garden and olive grove. Saskia made use of the large boulders which were dug up for the house foundations and pool to create rocky enclosures and walls. Cistus, rosemary and lavender grow profusely in the gravel garden and a magnificent Japanese wisteria hangs down from a trellis providing exquisitely perfumed shade.

A cheerful display of planted pots
Cistus, rosemary and lavender in the gravel garden
The wisteria

Saskia is a dedicated gardener, devoting about two hours a day to planning, planting and maintaining this delightful garden.

Text: Gill Robinson
Photos: Gill Robinson and Nicola D’Annunzio

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March / mars 2019
Visit to the Bambouseraie de Prafrance, Générargues, near Anduze, Gard

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The Bambouseraie is situated close to Anduze in the Cévennes, and has a natural water source that has been cleverly channeled into the park, thus allowing a natural watering system throughout the gardens.

We were welcomed by the Head Gardener who took us on a tour of the bamboo collection. The garden was created more than 160 years ago by botanist, Eugène Mazel. He selected plants and trees from China, Japan, North America and the Himalayas. What we see today are some of the original planting from Mazel’s collections and the results of the careful development of the park since those early days.

Our guide explained that bamboo species are members of the grass family – like wheat or maize. Bamboo develops by creeping rhizomes, from which shoots rise to form branches and leaves. Bamboos rarely flower, but shoots develop to reach canes of full height in approximately 3 months. Bamboo is the fastest growing plant in the vegetable kingdom.

A bamboo cane cut through to show its interior
A panel showing how to use a rhizome barrier to control running bamboo
Phyllostachys bambusoides ‘Castillonis’
Phyllostachys bambusoides

The Bambouseraie has examples of more than 240 different species of bamboo, Japanese maples, camelias, Ginkgo biloba and centenary sequoias.

We were left to explore and walk around the different parts of the park, notably the Dragon Valley which is loosely designed around Chinese and Japanese gardens. Here we had the pleasure of finding a wide variety of camellias in full flower, plus azaleas, Japanese maples and cherries in their spring foliage.

Prunus subhirtella ‘Pendula Plena Rosea’
Clematis armandii
Acer palmatum
A tunnel made from bamboo canes
Shibataea kumasaca, a compact, clump-forming bamboo, clipped as a low hedge

Text: Catriona McLean
Photos: Catriona McLean and Christine Daniels

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May / mai 2019
The Annual General Meeting 2019, Céret, Pyrénées-Orientales
L’Assemblée Générale 2019, Céret, Pyrénées-Orientales

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The 2019 AGM, organised by Lynn Hall and Penny Parkinson, was held in Céret, in the Pyrénées-Orientales. After the meeting, James and Helen Basson gave a talk entitled ‘Lessons from the Landscape – translating landscape into a garden’ and in the evening we enjoyed Catalan cuisine at the Restaurant Le France.

Restaurant Le France

L’AG 2019, organisée par Lynn Hall et Penny Parkinson, s’est tenue à Céret, dans les Pyrénées-Orientales. Après la réunion, James et Helen Basson ont donné une conférence intitulée « Les leçons du paysage – traduire le paysage en jardin » et le soir, nous avons dégusté une cuisine catalane au restaurant Le France.

Visite du jardin de Chantal et Pierre Bianchi, Mas Reynès l’Oasis

We counted ourselves very fortunate that Lynn and Penny had been able to organise a visit to this garden. Pierre Bianchi is well known in the region for his amazing garden and for his work with PlantaExotica, la Societé française d’acclimatation.

Nous avons eu beaucoup de chance que Lynn et Penny aient pu organiser la visite de ce jardin. Pierre Bianchi est bien connu dans la région pour son incroyable jardin et pour son travail au sein de PlantaExotica, la Société française d’acclimatation.

We were not disappointed. Pierre welcomed us in his ‘petite forêt’ where he explained the background to the garden. He had been searching for land where he could create a garden in which to experiment with unusual and exotic plants and he bought Mas Reynès l’Oasis in 1993, in Saleilles, one of the least cold places in the Languedoc-Roussillon. The situation is such that summers are usually cooler than in, for example, Montpellier, while winters are mild, frost is rare and the protected nature of the site means that plants un-freeze during the daytime even if there is severe frost. The protected nature of the site is also enhanced by the plantation of 3000 m2 of windbreaks – parasol pine and holm oak. And, there is water! The whole garden contains hundreds of interesting, unusual and fascinating plants and the account that follows mentions just a few of the amazing plants we saw.

Nous n’avons pas été déçus. Pierre nous a accueillis dans sa ‘petite forêt’ où il nous a raconté l’histoire du jardin. Il cherchait un terrain où il pourrait créér un jardin afin d’expérimenter des plantes exotiques et rares et c’est ainsi qu’il acheta Mas Reynès-l’Oasis en 1993, à Saleilles, un des endroits les moins froids du Languedoc-Roussillon. L’emplacement est tel que les étés sont généralement plus frais que, par exemple, à Montpellier, alors que les hivers sont doux, le gel y est rare et, du fait que le site est bien protégé, les plantes ont le temps de dégeler pendant la journée même en cas de gel sévère. La protection naturelle du site est renforcée par la plantation de 3000 m2 de brise-vents – pin parasol et chêne vert. Et, il y a de l’eau ! Le jardin contient des centaines de plantes intéressantes, pas communes et fascinantes et ce compte-rendu n’en mentionne que quelques-unes.

The petite forêt area of the garden included an amazing grapefruit tree which had grown from a chance seedling, Arbutus canariensis and other arbutus, a fifteen year old macadamia nut tree, various eucalypts and a Jurassic garden with cycads and araucaria species such as angustifolia and bidwillii.

La ‘petite forêt’ comprend un incroyable pamplemoussier issu par hasard d’un semis, Arbutus canariensis et d’autres arbousiers, un noyer du Queensland qui donne les noix de macadamia, de nombreux eucalyptus et un jardin jurassique avec des Cycadales et plusieurs espèces d’araucaria telles que angustifolia et bidwillii.

We then went onto the ‘Jardin Bleu et Blanc’ at the entrance to the house with a huge Agave neglecta, olive trees, Ceanothus ‘Concha’, Passiflora ‘Purple Haze’, Brunfelsia pauciflora, agapanthus, white roses and many more.

Puis nous sommes entrés dans le ‘Jardin bleu et blanc’ à l’entrée de la maison avec une immense Agave neglecta, des oliviers, Ceanothus ‘Concha’, Passiflora ‘Purple Haze’, Brunfelsia pauciflora, des agapanthes, des roses blanches et bien d’autres choses.

A grapefruit tree grown from a pip / Un pamplemoussier issu d’un pépin
The entrance to the house and blue and white garden
L’entrée de la maison avec le jardin bleu et blanc
Passiflora ‘Purple Haze’
Brunfelsia pauciflora

From here we progressed into a very sheltered and shady area which allowed various shade loving plants to flourish, as well as an impressive range of epiphytic plants including orchids (coelogyne, laelia, oncidium and many cymbidiums) and several kinds of bromeliads. Epiphyllums, ferns, including Platycerium, the staghorn fern, tillandsias, bilbergias, Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’, a variegated fatsia, Aechmea gamosepala, Tetrapanax papyrifer

A partir de là nous sommes entrés dans une partie très abritée et ombragée qui contenait de nombreuses plantes d’ombre, ainsi qu’une gamme impressionnante de plantes épiphytes dont des orchidées (coelogyne, laelia, oncidium et beaucoup de cymbidiums) et plusieurs sortes de broméliacées. Des epiphyllums, des fougères dont la fougère corne de cerf, des tillandsias, billbergias, Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’, un fatsia panaché, Aechmea gamosepala, Tetrapanax papyrifer

Epiphyllum sp
Tillandsia aeranthos

Plantings of bamboos gave an Asiatic aspect to the area too. Pierre explained that he liked to plant things with an ‘air de famille’, in other words, that resembled each other, we saw Elegia capensis, hedychiums, Dietes grandiflora, Cordyline obtecta (syn. C. kaspar) and Doryanthes palmeri.

La plantation de bambous donnait aussi un air asiatique à cet espace. Pierre nous a expliqué qu’il aimait planter des végétaux ayant un air de famille, c’est-à-dire qui se ressemblaient, nous avons vu Elegia capensis, des hedychiums, Dietes grandiflora, Cordyline obtecta (syn. C. kaspar) et Doryanthes palmeri.

Un restio Cannomois grandis

After this we carried on into the wider garden, an incredible area with well- established and beautifully pruned cypresses, palms, yuccas, exotic trees such as Ceiba speciosa (syn. Chorisia speciosa), Brachychiton rupestris, Erythrina crista-galli, Xanthorrhoea glauca and an avenue of the Mexican Blue palm, Brahea armata.

Cordyline obtecta in full flower / en pleine floraison

Ensuite, nous avons déambulé dans le jardin principal, une zone incroyable avec des cyprès, palmiers, yuccas et des arbres exotiques tels que Ceiba speciosa (syn. Chorisia speciosa), Brachychiton rupestris, Erythrina crista-galli, Xanthorrhoea glauca et une avenue de palmiers mexicains bleus, Brahea armata.

Cypresses and palms / Cyprès et palmiers
Brahea avenue / L’avenue de braheas
Ceiba speciosa
Xanthorrhoea glauca
Nolina sp.

All these plants provided a wonderful framework within which hundreds of small plants had been found a home – many cacti, succulents euphorbias, watsonias, dieramas, Banksia blechnifolia, smaller agavaceae and nolinaceae, Cussonia paniculata and C. transvaalensis, Arctotis spp, bulbines… One corner of the garden had been reserved for a variety of Mediterranean and Australian plants with Acacia cultriformis, Eucalyptus leucoxylon, Hakea suaveolens, Banksia ericifolia, more eucalypts, cistus and teucriums.

All in all, this was an excellent visit, unfortunately my pen couldn’t keep up with Pierre’s commentary so I have only mentioned a fraction of the plants we saw. At the end of the tour we were offered a much-appreciated cold drink in the shade

Tous ces végétaux offrent un magnifique faire-valoir à l’intérieur duquel des centaines de petites plantes se nichent – beaucoup de cactées, euphorbes succulentes, watsonias, dieramas, Banksia blechnifolia, de petites Agavacées et des nolinas, Cussonia paniculata et C. transvaalensis, Arctotis sp., bulbines… Un coin du jardin a été réservé à des plantes méditerranéennes et australiennes comme Acacia cultriformis, Eucalyptus leucoxylon, Hakea suaveolens, Banksia ericifolia, des eucalyptus, des cistes et des teucriums.

En fin de compte, ce fut une excellente visite ; malheureusement mon stylo ne pouvait pas suivre les commentaires de Pierre, aussi je n’ai mentionné qu’une petite partie des plantes que nous avons vues. À la fin, nos hôtes nous ont offert une boisson fraîche très appréciée.

Text and photographs: Gill Pound
Translation into French: Pierre Bianchi

Pierre Bianchi adds:

Tillandsia

We mainly grow plants that can withstand our coldest winter nights, especially, varieties of Tillandsia aeranthos which have very nice flowers and reasonable cold-hardiness, but we also have several varieties of the common T. bergeri and unusual species such as: T. edithae, T. recurvifolia syn. T. meridionalis, T. albertiana, T. dorotheae, T. streptocarpa, T. usneoides.

Nous cultivons essentiellement des espèces pouvant résister au gel de nos nuits d’hiver les plus froides, il s’agit particulièrement des variétés de Tillandsia aeranthos dont les fleurs sont superbes et dont la rusticité au froid est raisonnable, mais nous avons également plusieurs variétés du commun et très rustique T.bergeri et des espèces plus rares en culture comme : T. edithae, T. recurvifolia syn. T. meridionalis, T. albertiana, T. dorotheae, T. streptocarpa, T. usneoides.

Separately from the hardy tillandsias, on a special wire, we grow plants with attractive leaves and flowers but which can only withstand a very light frost. The wire needs to be protected against hard frost. These are: Tillandsia erici, T. exserta, T. ‘Houston Red Princess’, T. mitlaensis, T. roseoscapa, T. balbisiana, T. cacticola. These species and varieties were selected to withstand -2°C, so that they will survive even if the météo is wrong and an unexpected cold night occurs.

Nous cultivons à part de ces espèces assez rustiques pour notre microclimat, sur un autre fil, des Tillandias aux feuilles et aux fleurs plus originales mais qui ne peuvent résister qu’à de très petits gels. En cas de gel important toute cette ligne serait mise à l’abri. Ce sont: Tillandsia erici, T. exserta, T. ‘Houston Red Princess’, T. mitlaensis, T. roseoscapa, T. balbisiana, T. cacticola. Ces espèces et variétés ont été sélectionnées pour résister à -2°C, si bien que si la météo se trompait et qu’une nuit de gel inattendue survenait, elles pourraient y résister.

This policy is the general rule in our garden. Though it may seem unusual for a garden in Languedoc-Roussillon, very few of our plants are protected as most of them have been selected to withstand an average winter here without damage. Thus, in winter our garden is not marred by artificial protective materials and even so, its gardener can sleep peacefully. In fact, the most difficult weather-related danger for our plants is a long-lasting summer tramontane that, without a gardener’s intervention, would dry out or kill many young plants.

Cette façon de procéder est la règle dans notre jardin, même s’il paraît très exotique et inhabituel dans la région Languedoc-Roussillon, très peu de plantes y sont protégées l’hiver car la plupart ont été sélectionnées par des tests préalables pour résister à un hiver moyen de la plaine du Roussillon. Ainsi l’hiver le jardin n’est pas enlaidi par des protections artificielles et son jardinier dort plus tranquillement. En fait l’agression la plus dangereuse pour nos plantes est une tramontane durable l’été qui, sans jardinier dessécherait voire tuerait beaucoup de jeunes plantes.

A visit to / Visite du Tropique du Papillon, Elne

The Tropique du Papillon is a family enterprise founded by Alain Bruno, a pépiniériste specialising in sub-tropical plants. The attraction is primarily known for the tropical butterfly house but there is also much of interest in the Mediterranean garden, reflecting the family’s botanical and horticultural interests.

Le Tropique du Papillon est une entreprise familiale fondée par Alain Bruno, un pépiniériste spécialisé dans les plantes subtropicales. Ce lieu est surtout connu pour sa volière de papillons tropicaux mais présente aussi beaucoup d’intérêt pour son jardin méditerranéen, reflet de la passion de cette famille pour la botanique et l’horticulture.

A butterfly on a lantana / Un papillon sur un lantana

The butterfly house recreates a tropical biotope in which the temperature and humidity are controlled. As butterflies feed on nectar and pollen, there are mainly flowering plants. Some are commonly known, such as buddleja and lantana but also many unusual species such as this Clerodendron fragrans.

La volière de papillons reconstitue un biotope tropical où température et humidité sont contrôlées. Comme les papillons se nourrissent de nectar et de pollen, on y trouve principalement des plantes à fleurs. Certaines sont bien connues comme les buddleias et lantanas mais d’autres sont moins répandues comme Clerodendron fragrans.

Clerodendron fragrans

There are also some species-specific host plants to provide food for the caterpillars, although most of the butterflies are imported in chrysalis form from Asia and Central and South America. A delivery of around 300 are flown in each week and ‘hatched’ in the aviary, which can be witnessed by visitors. The butterfly farms are ‘fair trade’ and participate in nature conservation, protecting the habitat of the butterflies.

Clerodendron in bud

Il y a aussi quelques plantes hôtes pour nourrir spécifiquement certaines chenilles bien que la plupart des papillons soient importés sous forme de chrysalides d’Asie, d’Amérique Centrale et du Sud. Chaque semaine, environ 300 sont livrées et éclosent dans la volière, à la vue des visiteurs. Les fermes de papillons participent au « commerce équitable » et à la conservation de la nature en protégeant l’habitat des papillons.

Naturally the Mediterranean garden also promotes butterfly friendly habitats for native species.

Bien entendu, le jardin méditerranéen favorise également les habitats accueillants les espèces indigènes de papillons.

The Mediterranean garden covers a substantial area. Some parts are laid out botanically with collections of different species such as mimosa, eucalyptus and callistemon and there is a new planting of acers. They are also developing some decorative areas with plants suitable for dry Mediterranean climates, which they acknowledge have been inspired by Olivier Filippi.

Le jardin méditerranéen couvre une superficie importante. Certaines parties sont aménagées dans un esprit de jardin botanique avec des collections d’espèces différentes telles que le mimosa, l’eucalyptus et le callistemon et une nouvelle plantation d’acers est en cours. Certains espaces ornementaux avec des plantes adaptées aux climats secs de la Méditerranée, inspirés par Olivier Filippi, sont en développement.

Callistemon sp.
Views of the garden
Vues du jardin

The family is experimenting with grasses, such as this striking planting of ruby grass, Melinis nerviglumis.

Les propriétaires expérimentent des graminées comme cette impressionante plantation de graminées roses, “Ruby grass”, Melinis nerviglumis.

There is a wealth of information throughout the garden provided by rather charmingly illustrated information boards.

Il y a une mine d’informations dans tout le jardin fourni par des panneaux illustrés de manière plutôt séduisante.

Melinis nerviglumis

An ample lunch was taken in the outside café which provided some welcome shade. Next to our table was a beautiful Cestrum aurantiacum.

Un déjeuner copieux a été pris dans le restaurant à l’extérieur sous une ombre bienvenue. A côté de notre table, une jolie Cestrum aurantiacum.

The outside café / Le restaurant à l’extérieur
Cestrum aurantiacum

Text: Sue Shearer
Photos: Jock Shearer and Lynn Hall

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